refactor!: complete profile gen and init systems

BREAKING CHANGE: This commit makes three breaking changes:

- Doom now fully and dynamically generates (and byte-compiles) your
  profile and its init files, which includes your autoloads, loading
  your init files and modules, and then some. This replaces
  doom-initialize-modules, doom-initialize-core-modules, and
  doom-module-loader, which have been removed. This has also improved
  startup time by a bit, but if you use these functions in your CLIs,
  for instance, this will be a breaking change.
- `doom sync` is now required for Doom to see your profiles (and must be
  run whenever you change them, or when you up/downgrade Emacs across
  major versions).
- $DOOMDIR/init.el is now read much earlier than it used to be. Before
  any of doom-{ui,keybinds,editor,projects}, before any autoloads are
  loaded, and before your load-path has been populated with your
  packages. It now runs in the context of early-init.el, giving users
  freer range over what they can affect, but a more minimalistic
  environment to do it in.

  If you must have some logic run when all that is set up, add it to one
  of the module hooks added in e08f68b or 283308a.

This also poses a significant change to Doom's load order (see the
commentary change in lib/doom.el), along with the following (non
breaking) changes:

1. Adds a new `doom profiles sync` command. This will forcibly resync
   your profiles, while `doom sync` will only do so if your profiles
   have changed.
2. Doom now fully and dynamically generates (and byte-compiles) your
   user-init-file, which includes loading all your init files, modules,
   and custom-file. This replaces the job of doom-initialize-modules,
   doom-initialize-core-modules, and doom-module-loader, which have been
   removed. This has also improved startup time by a bit.
3. Defines new doom-state-dir variable, though not used yet (saving that
   and the other breaking changes for the 3.0 release).
4. Redesigns profile directory variables (doom-profile-*-dir) to prepare
   for future XDG-compliance.
5. Removed unused/unimportant profile variables in doom.el.
6. Added lisp/doom-profiles.el. It's hardly feature complete, but it's
   enough to power the system as it is now.
7. Updates the "load order" commentary in doom.el to reflect these
   changes.

lisp/doom-modules.el

@@ -99,49 +99,6 @@ your `doom!' block, a warning is emitted before replacing it with :emacs vc and
 (defvar doom--current-flags nil)
 
 
-;;
-;;; Bootstrap API
-
-(defun doom-initialize-core-modules ()
-  "Load Doom's core files for an interactive session."
-  (require 'doom-keybinds)
-  (require 'doom-ui)
-  (require 'doom-projects)
-  (require 'doom-editor))
-
-(defun doom-module-loader (file)
-  "Return a closure that loads FILE from a module.
-
-This closure takes two arguments: a cons cell containing (CATEGORY . MODULE)
-symbols, and that module's plist."
-  (lambda (module plist)
-    (let ((doom--current-module module)
-          (doom--current-flags (cdr (get (car module) (cdr module))))
-          (inhibit-redisplay t))
-      (load! file (plist-get plist :path) t))))
-
-(defun doom-initialize-modules (&optional force-p no-config-p)
-  "Loads the init.el in `doom-user-dir' and sets up hooks for a healthy session
-of Dooming. Will noop if used more than once, unless FORCE-P is non-nil."
-  (when (or force-p (not doom-init-modules-p))
-    (setq doom-init-modules-p t)
-    (unless no-config-p
-      (doom-log "Initializing core modules")
-      (doom-initialize-core-modules))
-    (when-let (init-p (load! doom-module-init-file doom-user-dir t))
-      (doom-log "Initializing user config")
-      (doom-run-hooks 'doom-before-module-init-hook)
-      (maphash (doom-module-loader doom-module-init-file) doom-modules)
-      (doom-run-hooks 'doom-after-module-init-hook)
-      (unless no-config-p
-        (doom-run-hooks 'doom-before-module-config-hook)
-        (maphash (doom-module-loader doom-module-config-file) doom-modules)
-        (doom-run-hooks 'doom-after-module-config-hook)
-        (load! "config" doom-user-dir t)
-        (when custom-file
-          (load custom-file 'noerror (not doom-debug-mode)))))))
-
-
 ;;
 ;;; Module API