Stability/error-handling refactor (part 1)

This refactor is about improving how Emacs deals with errors.

A large net is now cast at startup to catch possible errors, produce
more helpful error messages, and localize the damage. Significantly
reducing the risk of later modules not loading (and leaving you
stranded in a half-broken Emacs session).

The DOOM core files are an exception. If something messes up in there,
it *should* choke.

+ use-package will now report missing packages or slow-loading/broken
  def-package! configurations.
+ Persp-mode no longer (inadvertantly) hides buffers that pop up at
  startup, like the *Warnings*, *Backtrace* or debugger buffers.
+ `make autoloads` (or doom/reload-autoloads) now produces a slightly
  more informative error message if an error occurs while building the
  autoloads file.
+ Error handling for package management is *slightly* better now; error
  messages now include the type of error; this needs work.

core/core.el

@@ -133,6 +133,19 @@ melodramatic ex-vimmer disappointed with the text-editor status quo."
   "A list of hooks run after DOOM initialization is complete, and after
 `doom-init-hook'.")
 
+(defun doom-try-run-hook (fn hook)
+  "Runs a hook wrapped in a `condition-case-unless-debug' block; its objective
+is to include more information in the error message, without sacrificing your
+ability to invoke the debugger in debug mode."
+  (condition-case-unless-debug ex
+      (funcall fn)
+    ('error
+     (display-warning
+      hook
+      (format "%s in '%s' -> %s" (car ex) fn (error-message-string ex))
+      :error)))
+  nil)
+
 ;; Automatic minor modes
 (defvar doom-auto-minor-mode-alist '()
   "Alist mapping filename patterns to corresponding minor mode functions, like
@@ -179,9 +192,8 @@ enable multiple minor modes for the same regexp.")
 
 (defun doom|finalize ()
   (unless doom-init-p
-    (with-demoted-errors "INIT ERROR: %s"
-      (run-hooks 'doom-init-hook)
-      (run-hooks 'doom-post-init-hook))
+    (dolist (hook '(doom-init-hook doom-post-init-hook))
+      (run-hook-wrapped hook #'doom-try-run-hook hook))
 
     ;; Don't keep gc-cons-threshold too high. It helps to stave off the GC while
     ;; Emacs starts up, but afterwards it causes stuttering and random freezes.
@@ -197,9 +209,13 @@ enable multiple minor modes for the same regexp.")
 
 ;;;
 ;; Bootstrap
-(load! core-os) ; consistent behavior across Oses
-(with-demoted-errors "AUTOLOAD ERROR: %s"
-  (require 'autoloads doom-autoload-file t))
+(load! core-os) ; consistent behavior across OSes
+(condition-case-unless-debug ex
+    (require 'autoloads doom-autoload-file t)
+  ('error
+   (lwarn 'doom-autoloads :warning
+          "%s in autoloads.el -> %s"
+          (car ex) (error-message-string ex))))
 
 (unless noninteractive
   (load! core-ui)         ; draw me like one of your French editors