Refactor quiet! to be less destructive

It's possible for the debugger to be invoked from inside code wrapped in
a (quiet! ...) call. The debugger pauses Emacs in a broken state where
the functions locally rebound by quiet! (e.g. message, load-file,
write-region, etc) are never returned to their original definitions.

This attempts to reduce that probabilityby changing how quiet! silences
code. Rather than silencing them completely, they will be logged
to *Messages* but not displayed in the echo area.

Also, quiet! is now used less, where it isn't strictly needed (or where
inhibit-message is sufficient).

core/core-packages.el

@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ them."
           package--initialized nil)
     (let (byte-compile-warnings)
       (condition-case _
-          (quiet! (package-initialize))
+          (package-initialize)
         ('error (package-refresh-contents)
                 (setq doom--refreshed-p t)
                 (package-initialize))))))