refactor: deprecate EMACS2[89]+, NATIVECOMP, MODULES

To reduce redundancy, remove the maintenance hassle that version
constants would impose later on, and rely on built-in
facilities (featurep) more over global variables or doomisms, these
global constants have been deprecated in favor of Emacs "features":

- EMACS28+   -- replace with (> emacs-major-version 27)
- EMACS29+   -- replace with (> emacs-major-version 28)
- NATIVECOMP -- replace with (featurep 'native-compile)
- MODULES    -- replace with (featurep 'dynamic-modules)

(These constants will be formally removed when v3 is released. The IS-*
constants are likely next, but I haven't decided on their substitutes
yet)

I also decided to follow native-compile's example and provide features
for Emacs' system features (since system-configuration-features' docs
outs itself as a poor method to detect features):

- dynamic-modules
- jansson
- native-compile -- this one already exists, but will instead be removed
  if it's non-functional; i.e. (native-comp-available-p) returns nil.

These are now detectable using featurep, which is fast and built-in.

modules/editor/evil/init.el

@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ variable for an explanation of the defaults (in comments). See
       elisp-slime-nav
       embark
       emms
-      ,@(when EMACS29+ '(emoji))
+      ,@(if (> emacs-major-version 28) '(emoji))
       epa
       ert
       eshell
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ variable for an explanation of the defaults (in comments). See
       scroll-lock
       selectrum
       sh-script
-      ,@(when EMACS28+ '(shortdoc))
+      ,@(if (> emacs-major-version 27) '(shortdoc))
       simple
       simple-mpc
       slime